Lottery draws on people’s natural desire to dream big, with the premise that no matter how improbable the odds are, someday somebody will win. But the lottery is also a form of gambling—an activity where, in exchange for money, people risk losing their hard-earned income. For most, a regular lottery habit has a significant opportunity cost, as it takes away from the amount they can save for retirement or use to pay off debt. And for lower-income people, the chance to win a prize often comes with strings attached—a requirement that the winner report his or her winnings and may face taxes, reporting requirements, or restrictions on how to spend the money.
Once established, lottery games tend to enjoy broad public support. In the US, for example, lottery revenues have been earmarked for everything from education to repairing highways and bridges. Lottery popularity has been found to be unrelated to state government’s actual fiscal health; as Clotfelter and Cook point out, “lottery adoptions have won substantial popular support even when the public is anxious about tax increases or cuts in public spending.”
While some argue that the lottery encourages irrational gambling behavior, its popularity among lower-income people is largely due to a simple economic dynamic: people play because they can. And, despite the astronomical odds against them, many people manage to find ways to play regularly—even though they know the chances of winning are slim. As a result, the lottery continues to grow in size and complexity, including new game offerings and increased promotion and advertising.